Motto for Today: Truth is ever to be found in simplicity.

This is Your Day-TODAY: Take a Determined Step Forward and Make History! 

On this day, Oct. 13….
1781 – A treaty was signed between the Britishers and ruler of Gwalior, Scindia.
1860 – First successful aerial photograph in the US was taken over Boston by James Wallace Black in a balloon. (Credit for the first aerial photograph goes to French author and artist Felix Tournachon who used the nom de plume Nadar. He captured the first aerial photo from a balloon tethered over the Bievre Valley in 1858, though his work is lost).
1868 – Thomas Edison executed his first patent, by signing and dating his application. His invention was an “Electrographic Vote-Recorder,” the first of its kind, which he designed for use by legislative bodies, who would have been enabled to vote for or against an issue by turning a switch to the right or left. His idea remained unappreciated. Thus, his first patented invention was, in effect, a failure. His next invention was the Printing Telegraph).
1884 – Greenwich established as universal time meridian of longitude. (At the behest of the US President, 41 delegates from 25 nations met in Washington for the International Meridian Conference. Several important principles were established: a single world meridian passing through the principal Transit Instrument at the Observatory at Greenwich; that all longitude would be calculated both east and west from this meridian up to 180°; a universal day; and studies of the decimal system to the division of time and space).
1953 – Burglar alarm-ultrasonic or radio waves-patented by Samuel Bagno. (Based on movement detection in a confined space by intruders or fire. It was first sold in Jun 1950).
1978 – Maharashtra branch of Forward Block Party merged in Indira Congress.
1987 – First military use of trained dolphins (US Navy in Persian Gulf) {The US and Soviet militaries have trained and employed oceanic dolphins for several reasons. Such military dolphins have been trained to rescue lost naval swimmers or to locate underwater mines}.
1989 – Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika Bills defeated in Rajya Sabha.
2013 – 109 people are killed in a stampede on a bridge in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh.
2017 – Archaeologists announce the discovery of Arabic characters “Allah” and “Ali” on Viking funeral costumes from a grave in Gamla Uppsala, Sweden.2019 – Simone Biles becomes the most decorated gymnast in history when she wins record 25th medal at the World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany.
Born….
1911 – Ashok Kumar, actor.
RIP….
1240 – Razia Sultan, first lady ruler of Delhi throne, was murdered by Turks.
1911 – Sister Nivedita, follower of Vivekanand.
1987 – Kishore Kumar Ganguly, well known singer.
1987 – Walter H Brattain. (He was an American physicist who shared {with John Bardeen and William B. Shockley} the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956 for investigating semiconductors {materials of which transistors are made} and for the development of the transistor. Brattain’s hands built the first transistor, replaced the bulkier vacuum tube for many uses and was the forerunner of microminiature electronic parts).
2002 – Nirupa Roy, actor.
You may have known….
In ancient Greece, tossing an apple to a girl was a traditional proposal of marriage. Catching it meant she accepted.
Good morning. Have a nice day.

{Compiled by Lt. Gen. (R) Raj Kadyan}